CONJUCTIVITIS

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Causative Agent(s)

Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia

Viral: Canine Distemper Virus.

Other causes: Allergic conjunctivitis, eye tumours, keratoconjunctivitis, glaucoma, ulcerative keratitis.

Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology

Clinical signs observed include discharges from the eyes (cloudy, yellowish, or greenish), squinting, redness, and excessive blinking. It is more common in dogs and cats and prevalent in puppies and growing dogs.

Diagnostic Considerations.

This is based on history taking, physical and detailed eye examination, Schwimmer’s and fluorescein tests, microbial culture and sensitivity test (MCS), allergy test and eye cytology. Samples to be taken are eye swab for MCS and cytology.

Management and Treatment

First Line of Antibiotics (Pending the MCS result): Gentamicin eye drop: (Apply to the affected eyes) Chloramphenicol eye drop (Apply to the eyes) Oxytetracycline eye drop (Apply to the eyes)

 

Second Line of Antibiotics:

Ciprofloxacin eye drop (Apply to the eyes) Ofloxacin eye drops. (Apply to the eyes)

Antibiotic duration could be for 2-4 weeks or longer in some cases.

 

Adjunct/Supportive Therapy.

Anti-inflammatory medications could be used provided there is no corneal injury.

Patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) may require artificial tear drops, with Cyclosporine or Tacrolimus or Artificial tear solution to stimulate tear production.