CANINE TRACHEOBRONCHITIS (BRONCHITIS)

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Causative Agent(s)

Viruses: Canine distemper virus, Canine Adenovirus

Bacteria: Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas spp., Bordetella bronchiseptica

Parasites: Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (in Cats) Capillaria aerophilia have also been implicated

Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology

It could be acute or chronic inflammation of the trachea and bronchial airways. It may sometimes extend to the lungs. Bronchitis can be seen in dogs and cats of all ages, though it is more prevalent in younger animals.

Patients exhibit spasm of harsh or dry cough, which may be followed by retching and gagging. In severe cases, mucopurulent nasal discharges, loss of appetite, fever, depression, and productive cough could be seen. It could progress to fatal Bronchopneumonia if not properly managed.

Diagnostic Considerations

Based on history, clinical examination, haematology, and chemistry blood count. Thoracic cavity radiography, MCS, bronchoscopy and endoscopy.

Samples to be collected are blood samples, nasal swab, and biopsy sample from the respiratory tract.

Management and Treatment

First Line Antibiotics: (To be used while waiting for MCS result) Amoxicillin (20-30mg/kg PO, IM, IV q12hr),

Amoxicillin-clavulanate (10-30mg/kg PO, IV q12hr)

Tetracycline (22mg/kg PO q8hr) (Contraindicated for use in patients with renal impairment.

 

Second Line Antibiotics:

Ciprofloxacin (20-50mg/kg PO, IV q12hr in dogs, 10-20mg/kg IV q12hr in cats) Ceftriaxone (15-50mg/kg IM, IV q12hr)

Levofloxacin (20mg/kg PO, IV q24hr)

Imipenem (5-10mg/kg IM-Using IM preparation, IV-Slow IV q8hr in dogs; 5-10mg/kg IV q8hr in cats.

Duration of use of antibiotics should be for: 1-3 weeks.

 

Adjunct and Supportive Therapy: Intravenous fluid, Bronchodilators, Probiotics, Ozone therapy.