FATTY LIVER-HEMORRHAGIC SYNDROME

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Causative Agent(s)

Fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome Is a metabolic disease, whose entire causation is not well understood. The disease is associated with excessive energy consumption by the birds, while on limited or no exercise. The disease is preceded by altered fat metabolism resulting in accumulation of fat cells in the liver leading to fatal hepatic cell damage and haemorrhages.

Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology

Primarily a disease of caged layers, caused by excessive dietary energy intake and restricted exercise. Frequently occurs after moulting. When this disease occurs in lean birds, it may be associated with mycotoxins in the feed. Egg production may be decreased. Some mortality (from liver haemorrhage); these birds often appear pale and obsessed with heavy abdominal fat.

Management and Treatment:

High protein feeds, add oat hulls, etc. When a farm has a history of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome, the diet should contain at least 0.3 ppm selenium, ideally as organic selenium, and up to 100 IU vitamin E/kg and choline chloride (1000 – 2000mg/kg of feed) in the diet, with appropriate levels of an antioxidant such as ethoxyquin.