OTITIS MEDIA AND INTERNA

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Causative Agent(s)

Same as with Otitis externa caused by extension of infection from the external ear canal. Penetration of the tympanic membrane by a foreign object.

Otitis media    can lead to otitis interna and inflammation of the inner ear structures. This can result in loss of equilibrium and deafness.

Clinical presentation and Epidemiology

Signs include head shaking, rubbing the affected ear on the floor, rotating the head toward the affected side, pain, auricular discharge. Facial nerve paralysis or Horner's syndrome (Miosis). Ptosis, exophthalmos, and protrusion of the nictitating membrane or both may be present on the same side as the otitis media and the animal may fall toward the affected side. Nystagmus may also be seen. Risk factors include immune suppression, exposure to parasite (mites).

Diagnostic Considerations

Diagnosis is based on history, physical examination, manual and video otoscopic examination, cytology, radiographic examination and MCS.

Management and Treatment

The management of Otitis media and interna in terms of antibiotic therapy is similar to otitis externa. It should be based on identifying and managing the causative agent, risk, and predisposing factors.  Antibiotic resistance easily develops in the management of Otitis;

therefore, the result of the MCS should be obtained before administration of antibiotics. Other modalities of management such as ear cleaning, evaluation and surgical repair of the tympanic membrane if needed.

Duration of antibiotic therapy may range from 3-6 weeks. Adjunct/Supportive Therapy:

This may include regular ear cleaning, ear drying, ozone therapy and probiotics