HAEMORRHAGIC GASTROENTERITIS (HGE)

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Causative Agent(s)

This condition may occur as a result of infection or hypersensitivity to certain bacterial organisms, toxins, ingestion of foreign bodies, Immune-mediated disease, and gastrointestinal- tumours.

Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology

Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis affects mainly young animals, miniature, and toy breeds of dogs

The clinical signs include vomiting and haemorrhagic/bloody diarrhoea, anorexia, lethargy, dehydration, and fever in some cases.

Diagnostic Considerations

It is usually based on clinical signs, physical examination, microbial culture, histology, radiological and ultrasound examination.

Samples to be taken are venous blood for haematology and chemistry, faecal samples for microscopy and intestinal biopsies.

Management and Treatment

Antimicrobial recommendation (Pending MCS result) First line of Antibiotics:

Metronidazole (10-44mg/kg PO q12h)

Amoxicillin clavulanate (10-30mg/kg PO, IV q12hr),

 

Second line of Antibiotics:

*Ciprofloxacin (20-50mg/kg PO, IV q12hr in dogs,10-20mg/kg IV q12hr in cats)

*Levofloxacin :(20mg/kg) PO, IV, q24hr Azithromycin (5-10mg/kg/OP/q24hr/ in dogs). Erythromycin (10-22mg/kg /P0 q24 in dogs) Caution; Not to be used in puppies and kittens.