BACTERIAL ENTERITIS

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Causative Agent(s)

The common etiological agents for bacterial enteritis include Clostridium spp., Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli. These organisms can produce toxins that destroy cells of the intestinal linings.

Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology

The bacterial species implicated are highly prevalent in most of the world regions. Transmission is mostly through faecal-oral route. Affected animals shed a lot of these pathogenic bacteria into the environment. Imbalance of normal intestinal microflora resulting in explosion of these pathogenic bacteria

Clinical signs include diarrhoea (characterized by tenesmus, haematochezia), vomiting and pyrexia.

Diagnostic Considerations

Diagnosis is based on history taking, physical examination, faecal and microbiological examination. Samples to be taken: Venous blood, urine, and faecal sample.

Management and Treatment Antimicrobial recommendation First line Antibiotics:

Pending Microbiology Culture and Sensitivity result (MCS). Metronidazole 10-40mg/kg POq12hr

Amoxicillin (20-30mg/kg PO, IM, IV q12hr). Amoxicillin-clavulanate (10-30mg/kg PO, IV q12hr.

 

Second line of Antibiotics:

Ciprofloxacin (20-50mg PO, IV in dogs, 10-20mg/kg. IV q12h in cats) Levofloxacin (20mg/kg PO, IV q24hr)

Enrofloxacin 5-20MG/Kg

Ceftriaxone (15-50mg/kg IM, IV q12hr in dogs)

Duration of use: 1-2weeks (Depending on the severity of the condition)

Supportive therapy: Intravenous fluids, prebiotics, probiotics, intestinal pH modifiers, ozone therapy. Not to be used in young dogs.