COCCIDIOSIS (RED DYSENTERY)

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Causative Agent(s)

Eimeria spp. and Isospora spp.

Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology

The disease is usually seen in calves >2 months old but <1 year old, especially in situations of heavy stocking density and overgrazing. It is characterised by dysentery and tenesmus and may be accompanied by nervous signs.

Diagnostic Considerations

Detection of oocysts by faecal flotation or direct faecal smear or by the McMaster technique.

Management and Treatment

• Anti-protozoa: Amprolium at 10 mg/kg/day for 5 days
• Antibacterials: Sulphonamides such as sulphadimidine Calf: 100-200 mg/kg PO or SC daily. Sheep, goat: 100-200 mg/kg IV or SC Sulphadimethoxine in cows, 55 mg/kg IV or PO, daily.

Combination therapy such as:

• Trimethoprim + sulphadiazine 30 mg/kg PO, q24h 15-24 mg/kg IM or slow IV, q24h
• Other anti-protozoa drugs that can be used include monensin (20 g/ton of feed), toltrazuril and diclazuril 2.5% oral solution – 1 ml/25 kg, one single treatment
• Metronidazole 75 mg/kg IV, q12h
• Supportive therapy (fluids) is also advised