CHLAMYDIOSIS

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Causative Agent(s)

Chlamydia abortus (formerly C. psittaci serotype 1) is an agent causing primarily abortion in small ruminants, mainly sheep (ovine enzootic abortion, now ovine chlamydiosis) and goats. Infections with Chlamydia pecorum are ubiquitous in cattle herds with multiple organ manifestations. Chlamydiae detected so far in cattle herds include mainly C. pecorum, but also C. abortus, C. psittaci, and C. suis.

Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology

Chlamydial infections do not present a typical clinical picture. In general, they affect multiple organs and can generate a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from acute to chronic inflammation and from a severe to a mild or even subclinical course. Because aerosol transmission of the pathogen is one of the main infection routes, the respiratory system is often involved.

Diagnostic Considerations

Swabs (nasal, ocular, rectal, vaginal), tracheal washing, or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid may be collected for diagnosis

Tests include direct impression smears and cytologic staining, cell culture isolation of the agent, immunofluorescence tests, and nucleic acid amplification–based tests (PCR and microarray).

Management and Treatment

• Tetracyclines or fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin) are generally the drugs of

For effective treatment, it must start as early as possible and continue for at least 7 days

• Tetracyclines 5-10 mg/kg IM, q24h; 20 mg/kg IM; repeat after 2-4 days if depot form long acting (LA) is used.
• Fluoroquinolones such as enrofloxacin 5-5 mg/kg SC daily for 7 days