CAMPYLOBACTERIOSIS

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Causative Agent(s)

Infection is caused by members of the genus Campylobacter, specifically the disease in pigs is caused by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.

They are gram-negative curved rods or short spiral organisms 2–3 µm in length and 0.3 µm in diameter with a single polar flagellum.

They do not form spores.

Campylobacters were first isolated from swine in the 1940 and was named Vibrio coli

They cause of swine dysentery with enteritis.

These Campylobacters are a major cause of human food-borne enteric disease.

Several species of Campylobacter have been isolated from swine. These include Vibrio coli now known as C. coli, C. mucosalis and C. hyointestinalis

Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology

The species of Campylobacter occur in pigs worldwide. Campylobacter coli is most commonly found in the pig, but it also occurs in cattle and poultry. Campylobacter jejuni is less frequently isolated from swine, but it is present in a wide range of mammalian and avian species where it causes enteritis. C. hyointestinalis and C. mucosalis are also found in other mammalian species.

The disease manifests mostly as an in apparent infection.

The following clinical signs are usually noticed mild fever, diarrhoea which could be mucoid, watery, or creamy or haemorrhagic and loss of condition.

Diagnostic Considerations

Diagnosis is based on the clinical signs of the disease, culture, and isolation of the bacteria.

Faeces and intestinal scrapings of infected or dead animals are collected for bacterial culture on blood agar and isolation of the organism.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test can be used to demonstrate the antibodies for this organism.

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been used to diagnose the disease.

Management and Treatment

Neomycin, 5mg/kg b.w., q12h, 14 days, PO. Oxytetracycline L.A. 20mg/kg b.w., single dose IM. Chlortetracycline, 10mg/kg b.w., q24h, 3-5 days IM.