BORDETELLOSIS (ATROPIC RHINITIS)

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Causative Agent(s) - Bordetella bronchiseptica

It is an aerobic, motile, gram-negative rod or coccobacillus of approximately 1.0 × 0.3 μm in size. The bacteria also cause respiratory disease in dogs and other mammals. It is associated with pneumonia, and atrophic rhinitis in pigs. It causes disease in humans which is rare but affects infants and immunocompromised adults.

It is a major component of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) When present, it increases the severity of respiratory disease associated with other pathogens such as Pasteurella multocida and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

Clinical Presentation and Epidemiology

The disease has a worldwide distribution.

The clinical signs are septicaemia, cough, sinusitis, meningitis, and peritonitis. Total elimination of Bordetella from the respiratory tract of pigs is difficult.

Diagnostic Consideration

The samples to be collected are nasal swabs and lung tissue.

The organism is usually isolated from nasal swabs or lungs of dead pigs.

The swabs should be placed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and kept at 4°C and should be taken to the laboratory within 24 hours.

Culture of the organism is usually done on blood agar plates that contains 20 μg/ml of penicillin, 10 μg/ml of amphotericin B, 10 μg/ml of streptomycin, and 10 μg/ml of spectinomycin.

The organism can also be cultured on modified MacConkey agar with 1% glucose and 20 μg/ml furaltadone.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) is used to detect antibodies to the infection in serum or nasal secretions.

Polymerase Chain Reaction can also be used to confirm the diagnosis of this disease.

Management and Treatment

Chlortetracycline, 10mg/kg b.w., q24h, 5days, IM. Oxytetracycline, L.A. 20mg/kg b.w., single dose IM. Enrofloxacin, 5mg/kg b.w., q24h, 5days IM.